I wrote this last, but it’s my summery of my point.
An NPC should have a personal reputation meter in their head, a well trained, motivated and perfectly loyal guard won’t let you into the base regardless of your seduction roll of her. You are messing with her lively hood.
A mob boss will not be intimidated by some pencil necked adventurer that looks good in his leathers.
But when it comes to getting people to at least listen and be open to possibilities, charisma is king. But role playing should override rolls only if it helps the narrative and the fun at the table, not overshadow the player who is playing the charisma monster of the group, let players shine through their characters, not their own personality.
It’s your table, your rules…and how charisma works in a given situation is up to you and your table.
Charisma is Probably the second hardest RPG stat to truly conceive of in game. (HP probably being the first, but games we all accept HP as some abstraction that is needed, so we don’t really explore it too deeply)
Charisma is a stat that really depends if other mental stats are there or not. If Willpower or wisdom is there, things change. Even intelligence, but not intellect or knowledge.
it means one thing every time, personable interaction. “The degree that others enjoy interacting with you, or being addressed by you”
Now, let’s explore the other 3 “mental stats” and the place that charisma takes if they are not there.
Intelligence; the ability to calculate the social standing in the interactions of others.
Wisdom; the ability to accurately guesstimate the motivations of others.
Willpower; your force of personality or sense of self that both shields you from others and assists you in getting others to do your bidding.
Typically when we think of charismatic people, we think movie stars, courtesans, politicians, large church preachers.
We don’t typically think of Bill Gates. But he is probably one of the most well known charismatic people we have seen in recent memory on a small group level. He got people who truly disliked him, possibly loathed him, to work with him or even work for him.
Typically without throwing a bucket full of money at them, but by finding common ground, expressing insightful interest and a roadmap to mutual benefit. He also showed an ability to intimidate captains of industry.
Interviews of the Dalai Lama is another interesting view of charisma, while spiritual, you can’t help but like the guy in interviews.
But how do we incorporate that?
Assuming ICRPG or D&D where wisdom and intelligence exist. Charisma is the force of personality and how much others enjoy interacting with the character.
The guard will still arrest you, but he may also visit you in jail to see how you are doing.
Your villain may hate you most of all, but even after attacking you, he wants to gloat, make sure you know that he bested you!
When all is calm you are the center of attention, when there is an existential threat…you are forgotten except in motivating others. High charisma is that ability to garner attention at will.
Now, how do we simulate that in a game???
Assuming the player is just there to kill goblins but they are the charismatic gravity point of the group? Just have them roll and as the GM describe their actions.
Or what about the player who is the most socially aware person you have ever met and is using charisma as a dump stat?
Think of their character as the most sleazy sales person you have ever met. Their words are beautiful or sensible, but they are the least trustworthy slimiest creep you have ever encountered…that will keep you honest.
What about someone playing a gentle giant type? Big strong, but sensitive and warm? As a GM allow individual reputation to have an effect. But that is earned. People seeing him play with children or with animals…
Think if some 6 ft 7 guy built like a ton of bricks comes into a semi-empty restaurant straight at your table, with a pissed off expression. That is an existential threat, even if you are of a similar size, your attention is grabbed and concern for others around you might kick in.
That is where charisma lacks in games. Someone or something that presents an instant flight or fight response should almost always a major bonus to intimidate, but on occasion and somewhat often in some cases, challenging the biggest guy in the room is just a fun pastime for people.
In some cases, just being big will invite bully types to take you down. It is a fear based response, but most bully types are not aware enough of their inner situation to understand that.